Browsing by Author "Malloy, David C."

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Open Access
An Empirical Study of Health Professionals' Beliefs about Personhood in Dementia and Their Influence on Intended Patient Care
(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2012-07) Hunter, Paulette Vanessa; Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas; Smythe, William E.; Sharpe, Donald A.; Asmundson, Gordon; Malloy, David C.; Phinney, Alison
Three studies were conducted to measure health providers' beliefs about the personhood of long-term care residents with dementia, and the influence of these beliefs on health providers' intended actions toward patients in the long-term care contexts. In Study I, a Likert-format measure of health providers' beliefs about the personhood of long-term care residents with dementia (the Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire) was created after reviewing relevant literature and consulting with health providers. In Study II, this questionnaire was administered to a pilot sample of nurses and continuing care assistants. Psychometric analysis and subject matter expert review were used to reduce the length of the questionnaire to 20 items by deleting items that were less desirable from either theoretic or psychometric standpoints. The Revised questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency reliability, and preliminary tests of external validity revealed a stronger correlation with a measure of beliefs about person-centered care than with a measure of beliefs about cancer treatment. Study III tested the criterion validity of the Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire by examining its significance as a predictor of health providers' responses to a health care vignette series. The Personhood in Dementia Quesionnaire, together with the cognitive status of the patients described in the vignette series was a significant predictor of all three intervention strategies identified as possible responses to the vignettes. Specifically, higher Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire scores were associated with an increased likelihood of considering pain medication and non-pharmacologic methods as intervention strategies. They were also associated with a decreased likelihood of considering anxiolytic medications. Overall, results from this study series show that it is possible to identify and measure health providers' beliefs about personhood in dementia. The results also provide initial evidence of the internal consistency reliability and of the external validity, including the criterion validity, of the Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire. The Personhood in dementia Quesionnaire can be used to evaluate components of person-centered dementia care interventions that target health providers' beliefs about the personhood of patients with dementia.
Open Access
Identifying Coaching Abuses in Youth Sport: A Human Rights Approach for Policy Development
(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2013-08) Cook, Elaine; Dorsch, Kim; Malloy, David C.; Rhind, Daniel; Kerr, Gretchen
Research indicates that the culture of sport tends to promote an idealized, or mythologized perception of the benefits of participation for youth (Brackenridge, 2006; Forster, 2006; Houlihan et al., 2011). The belief that sport is a moral oasis (Brackenridge, 2006) has had a serious negative impact on our understanding of the harm caused by abuse in youth sports. In particular, there is a lack of data, monitoring, evaluation, and universal definitions of abusive coaching behaviours, despite the general acknowledgement that coaches wield considerable power and influence that extends beyond the playing field. Without such information it is extremely difficult to develop and enforce policies that protect the rights of children who engage in sport. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to classify observations made about unacceptable coaching behaviors, in order to identify behaviours that violate the rights of children, which in turn will provide the information necessary to develop policy statements intended to guide the conduct of coaches. Comments (164) from 4 different sports (ice hockey, baseball, basketball, and football) – collected by the Justplay Behaviour Management Program -will be deductively analyzed and categorized into the Typology of Coaching Transgressions (TOCT) model. Measures of construct and content validity provide evidence of the content and construct adequacy of the TOCT model. Results indicate that across all sports, indirect coaching abuses outnumber direct coaching abuses, χ2 (3, 255)= .18.52, p = .000, the two contact sports, hockey and football, contain the greatest number of direct abuses, χ2 (1, 255) = 10.79, p = .001, and they also contain the greatest number of neglect behaviours, χ2 (3, 255) = 9.27, p = .026 (two cells had less than 5 behaviours). Finally, psychological and modeling behaviours are the greatest percentage of all behaviours across all sports (43.5% and 44.7% respectively).
Open Access
The Influence of Hardiness Levels on the Rate of Return to Work For Those who Have Sustained a Back Injury
(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2014-09) Anderson, Noah Justin; Malloy, David C.; Cripps, Douglas; Martin, Ronald; Tucker, Sean
Existentialists suggest that our responsibility is to discover our own meaning in life which can be recognized through creative works, experiences and relationships, and attitudinal acknowledgement and/or choice of one’s current circumstances (Frankl, 2006). It is through the will to meaning, the primary motivational drive noted by Frankl, that humans are able to transcend and live a fulfilled life despite perceptions of unavoidable sufferings. Therefore, existential courage/hardiness helps one to engage in coping with problems rather than denying or avoiding them. Furthermore, it also relies on socially supportive interactions with others and the capacity to learn from this perpetual process (Maddi, Khoshaba, Harvey, Fazel, & Resurreccion, 2011), which can have a profound influence on one’s overall health status. In times of suffering, such as a debilitating physical injury or illness, the concept of hardiness could potentially be used to facilitate recovery or coping for those individuals. The current practice of rehabilitation for those who are not working due to work-related injury or illness, is a combination of physiological and psychosocial therapy (i.e., physical therapy, occupational therapy, and psychological therapy) (Saskatchewan Workers’ Compensation Board, 2013). In the review of the research in this thesis, the researcher was unable to find other studies that explored hardiness in a therapeutic context. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between hardiness and the rate of recovery and return to work. Specifically, this study investigated those who had a back injury and an accepted Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB) claim in Saskatchewan. WCB provided several hundred contact names to be used as prospective participants for this study. The first hypothesis, which predicted a significant negative correlation between hardiness and return to work, revealed no statistically significant relationship (r = .002, p = .98, n = 127). Contrary to expectations, the second hypothesis, which measured the influence of hardiness on the rate of return to work after accounting for demographical variables, resulted in hardiness score not being statistically significant predictor; F(1, 74) = .55, p = .46. There were, however, statistically significant differences found in supplementary analyses.
Open Access
Mentorship : A Handbook for Faculty and Graduate Students at the University of Regina
(Faculty of Graduate Studies & Research, University of Regina, 2006) Malloy, David C.; Blachford, Dongyan; Makelki, Michelle C.; Carleton, Nick
Open Access
Ordinary Ethics and the Ethics Code of the American Anthropological Association
(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2014-04) Springer, Lindsay Marie; London Sulkin, Carlos; Calkowski, Marcia; Lankauskas, Gediminas; Malloy, David C.
The anthropological theory of “ordinary ethics” makes the established case that ethics involves judgements made in specific situations and using criteria acquired through social interaction, but emphasises that ethics are usually relatively implicit, becoming explicit in response to crisis, controversy, and change. One of the questions raised by this theoretical perspective concerns the relationship of implicit ethical judgments to more explicit forms of ethics, such as an ethics code. To address this question, this study applies the theory of ordinary ethics to the ethics code of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the largest professional association for anthropologists. This thesis also addresses two additional supporting research questions: First, how has the AAA ethics code changed over time, and why does it change? Second, what is the role and purpose of ethics codes in anthropology, and what are the limitations? A first, historical component of my research involved comparing different versions of the AAA ethics code, and seeing how these related to contemporary ethical debates and controversies. I then conducted qualitative interviews with eleven anthropologists. Participants described their experiences with and opinions of the AAA ethics code and the debates around it, their broader experience with and understanding of ethical issues and dilemmas in anthropological fieldwork, and their ideas about the usefulness and importance of codes of ethics to ethics education and decision-making in anthropology. The results of the ethnographic component of the research support the sense that anthropologists constitute a community, with members socialized in such a way that they share a highly explicit concern for the ethics of their own and their discipline’s practices. The historical research reveals that the code is revised in response to crises in the discipline. For some anthropologists, responding to crises by formulating shared ethical standards may strengthen a feeling of a community, but others who identify as anthropologists may feel excluded by the assumptions in those standards. The revision process inspires debate, and to that extent it serves as a way to have a shared conversation about ethics in the discipline. Anthropological fieldwork is already a case of ethics out of the ordinary, and the debates around the AAA ethics code are an extension of this.
Open Access
A Theoretical Model of Development Partnership and Identity: Sport-For-Development Partnership in Trinidad and Tobago,
(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2013-01) Cameron, Craig Daniel; Malloy, David C.; Awanyo, Louis; Rasmussen, Kenneth; White, Judy; Schulenkorf, Nico
Current development efforts focus on economic fair play, cultural sensitivity theory, locally driven interventions, and ethical practice. This has led to changes in a number of development areas, including the relationship between development stakeholders. A shift to development partnership was meant to signal the end of development paternalism (e.g., north-south, developed-undeveloped, donor-recipient) and the beginning of development equality. However, for many development stakeholders, the transition has been largely theoretical. This study addresses the existing gap between development theory and practice. It argues that before the gap can be closed there is a need for greater philosophicallygrounded theoretical scrutiny. Therefore, this study combines a philosophical approach with an interpretive theory building methodology to create a theoretical model of development partnership and identity. The study draws on the experiences of the Trinidad and Tobago Alliance for Sport and Physical Education (TTASPE) and its partners. The model presents a four-phase partnership cycle. Each phase is accompanied by set of key partnership considerations. The purpose of the model is to provide development stakeholders with a philosophically grounded and practically structured framework for assessing and strengthening their partnerships