Cinnamon leaf and clove essential oils are potent inhibitors of Candida albicans virulence traits.

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dc.contributor.authorShahina, Zinnat
dc.contributor.authorMolaeitabari, Ali
dc.contributor.authorSultana, Taranum
dc.contributor.authorDahms, Tanya Elizabeth Susan
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-03T20:54:48Z
dc.date.available2023-05-03T20:54:48Z
dc.date.issued2022-10-08
dc.description© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.description.abstractPlant-based essential oils are promising anti-virulence agents against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) leaf and Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) flower bud essential oils revealed eugenol (73 and 75%, respectively) as their major component, with β-caryophyllene, eugenyl acetate, and α-humulene as common minor components. Cinnamon leaf and clove essential oils had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 600 and 500 µg/mL, respectively against the C. albicans RSY150 reference strain and 1000 and 750 µg/mL, respectively for the clinical reference strain ATCC 10231. The combined oils are additive (FICI = 0.72 ± 0.16) and synergistic (0.5 ± 0.0) against RSY150 and the clinical reference strain, respectively. Mycelial growth was inhibited by sublethal concentrations of either essential oil, which abolished colony growth. At half of the lowest combined lethal concentration for the two oils, the yeast-to-hyphal transition and mycelial growth was potently inhibited. Mutant strains als1Δ/Δ, als3Δ/Δ, hwp1Δ/HWP1+, and efg1Δ/Δ were sensitive to either or both oils, especially efg1Δ/Δ. In conclusion, oils of cinnamon leaf and clove and their combination significantly impact C. albicans virulence by inhibiting hyphal and mycelial growth.en_US
dc.description.authorstatusFacultyen_US
dc.description.peerreviewyesen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (RGPIN-06649-2018) to T.E.S.D.en_US
dc.identifier.citationShahina, Z.; Molaeitabari, A.; Sultana, T.; Dahms, T.E.S. Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of Candida albicans Virulence Traits. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101989en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101989
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10294/15910
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectantifungalsen_US
dc.subjectanti-virulenceen_US
dc.subjectCandida albicansen_US
dc.subjectCinnamomum zeylanicumen_US
dc.subjectEugenia caryophyllusen_US
dc.subjectplant-based essential oilsen_US
dc.subjectsynergismen_US
dc.titleCinnamon leaf and clove essential oils are potent inhibitors of Candida albicans virulence traits.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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