Differential stimulation and suppression of phytoplankton growth by ammonium enrichment in eutrophic hardwater lakes over 16 years

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dc.contributor.authorSwarbrick, Vanessa J.
dc.contributor.authorSimpson, Gavin L.
dc.contributor.authorGlibert, Patricia M.
dc.contributor.authorLeavitt, Peter R.
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-28T19:45:45Z
dc.date.available2023-04-28T19:45:45Z
dc.date.issued2018-12-07
dc.description© 2018 The Authors. Limnology and Oceanography published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en_US
dc.description.abstractPrevious research suggests that fertilization of surface waters with chemically reduced nitrogen (N), including ammonium (NH4+), may either enhance or suppress phytoplankton growth. To identify the factors influencing the net effect of NH4+, we fertilized natural phytoplankton assemblages from two eutrophic hardwater lakes with growth-saturating concentrations of NH4Cl in 241 incubation experiments conducted biweekly May–August during 1996–2011. Phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a) was significantly (p < 0.05) altered in fertilized trials relative to controls after 72 h in 44.8% of experiments, with a marked rise in both spring suppression and summer stimulation of assemblages over 16 yr, as revealed by generalized additive models (GAMs). Binomial GAMs were used to compare contemporaneous changes in physico-chemical (temperature, Secchi depth, pH, nutrients; 19.5% deviance explained) and biological parameters (phytoplankton community composition; 40.0% deviance explained) to results from fertilization experiments. Models revealed that that the likelihood of growth suppression by NH4+ increased with abundance of diatoms, cryptophytes, and unicellular cyanobacteria, particularly when water temperatures and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations were low. In contrast, phytoplankton was often stimulated by NH4+ when chlorophytes and non-N2-fixing cyanobacteria were abundant, and temperatures and SRP concentrations were high. Progressive intensification of NH4+ effects over 16 yr reflects changes in both spring (cooler water, increased diatoms and cryptophytes) and summer lake conditions (more chlorophytes, earlier cyanobacteria blooms), suggesting that the seasonal effects of NH4+ will vary with future climate change and modes of N enrichment.en_US
dc.description.authorstatusFacultyen_US
dc.description.peerreviewyesen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by grants to PRL from NSERC Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canada Research Chairs, the Province of Saskatchewan, University of Regina, and Queen's University Belfast.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSwarbrick, V.J., Simpson, G.L., Glibert, P.M. and Leavitt, P.R. (2019), Differential stimulation and suppression of phytoplankton growth by ammonium enrichment in eutrophic hardwater lakes over 16 years. Limnol Oceanogr, 64: S130-S149. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11093en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11093
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10294/15900
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.titleDifferential stimulation and suppression of phytoplankton growth by ammonium enrichment in eutrophic hardwater lakes over 16 yearsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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