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Item Open Access 10,000 Drowned: Commemorating the Caribou(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2020-01) Orr, Margaret Grace; Garneau, David; Streifler, Leesa; Chambers, RuthThis exhibition commemorates a caribou herd that drown during their fall migration in 1984. The disaster occurred when Hydro-Quebec opened the Caniapiscau reservoir spill gates two hundred and seventy miles upstream from Limestone Falls on the Caniapiscau River. This caused the river level to rise and send a torrent of water towards the Ungava Bay. At their traditional river crossing, thousands of caribou were swept over the falls and drowned. This paper supports my MFA graduating exhibition, 10,000 Drowned, installed in The Fifth Parallel Gallery from November 25 to December 6, 2019. 10,000 Drowned is an installation of six large oil paintings representing the land, sky, water, fire, four directions, and the migration of caribou. There are also four large ceramic vessels representing air, water, land, and fire, and one hundred ceramic antlers representing the lost caribou. In addition, a video installation shows the caribou’s point of view as they travel over the land and then drown. The exhibition is my delayed response to my anguish over this disaster. I grew up on the land situated around the Chisasibi River in Northern Quebec. Through my Cree and Inuit relatives, I absorbed a lot of knowledge about how to live with the land and animals; how to survive using only basic of tools. These teachings come from how we relate with the natural environment and with one another. This paper describes my life and community. This background is essential to understanding the meaning of the caribou and this event in our lives. Through stories and by reflecting on my research process, I hope to offer insight into how contemporary forms of Indigenous art-making continue from traditional Cree knowledge practices. I returned to the site of the drownings many times. I mapped the caribou migration territory from a bird’s-eye view. I talked to elders and others about this event. But it was only when I took this experiential research method to a deeper embodied level that I got close to the meaning of this event. Only by submerging myself in icy water, feeling what drowning was like, was I able to complete my connection with these beings.Item Open Access A narrative exploration of the right to health in the lives of Indigenous women(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2023-06) Latta, Lori Patricia; Hoeber, Larena; Cooper , Elizabeth; Green , Brenda; Abonyi, Sylvia; McIntosh, Thomas; Forman, LisaThis study explores, through critical narrative analysis, the understanding of Indigenous women about conditions that they need to be healthy, and how their stories and reflections provide a critique that can inform thinking around the right to health. Literature from varied disciplinary perspectives describes the right to health, and a body of health human rights, as conceptual tools that identify the conditions all people require to be healthy, encompassing not just health care and access to material goods, but equality, culture, power and participation. Literature also provides some critique of human rights, and indicates that their alignment with dominant discourses and powers may be a barrier to their effectiveness for Indigenous people. With reference to Habermas’ theories of communicative action, including the colonization thesis, the lifeworlds of 14 Indigenous women were explored in relation to the institutional discourse of health human rights. The study finds that in the stories that women shared there was some validation of human rights instruments relating to health, which identify as rights violations health harms such as violence, disruption of families, experiences of racism, and lack of support for mental health. However, women’s interpretation of these events often differed from institutional discourse in that they located responsibility for violations less in the people or organizations that harmed them, and more in processes of colonization carried out by successive Canadian governments, that effectively undermined their rights and their health. As they reflected on their stories, women identified a right to knowledge about history and the impact of colonization on Indigenous people as being important to their physical and mental health. Other findings are that a rights-based assessment of women’s health that focuses on experiences of violations and harms may be perceived as deficit-based. To be more meaningful to Indigenous women, a discourse of human rights in health could speak to their strengths and resources, and support broadly defined goals in physical, spiritual and mental health by removing barriers to agency. This study joins a body of other research in finding that explicit rights-based participation in service delivery and health policy development and evaluation may help to avoid abuses in the future, but may require more autonomous forms of governance and service delivery to address longstanding power imbalance and distrust. The study concludes that a discourse of health human rights can better meet the needs of Indigenous women when colonialism is named as a human rights abuse and the primary cause of health inequity that affects their families and communities, reinforcing their life world knowledge with rights-based accountability, and creating common understanding in the public sphere.Item Open Access Aboriginal Communities in Canada and HIV/Aids: The Voices Must Be Heard(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2012-09) McKay-McNabb, Kim Verna; Hampton, Mary; Baydala, Angelina; Shercliffe, Regan; Episkenew, Jo-Ann; Lavalee, LynnThe purpose of this research was to develop a theory grounded in the life experiences of Aboriginal community members in Canada that describes the ways in which they have been affected by HIV/AIDS. This theory has incorporated the effects of colonization within Aboriginal communities; although historical, effects of colonization have been linked by researchers to many health challenges confronting Aboriginal communities today. This thesis has reviewed the research evidence that suggests the higher prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS in Aboriginal communities has roots in historical colonization. The qualitative data collected provides experiential information documenting present-day experience of community members who are affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada. I conducted 20 qualitative interviews with Aboriginal community members from across Canada who have been infected (been diagnosed with) or affected (relative has been diagnosed with) by HIV and AIDS to gain a better understanding of how HIV/AIDS is changing the health landscape within Aboriginal communities. Grounded theory methodology was utilized to analyze the interview data. The participants in this research are made up of a unique group of Aboriginal individuals in Canada and may represent the experience of a portion of the population. As there is a paucity of research about Aboriginal Peoples living with HIV and AIDS in Canada, the results of this research study has contributed to development of a theory describing what it is like for Aboriginal Peoples who are living with or affected by HIV/AIDS and suggestions about culturally relevant methods of healing. This research gave voice to those Aboriginal community members in Canada, who are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS or affected by HIV/AIDS. The theory describes participants’ journeys of transformation where they have learned to embrace their new identities. Life experiences of Aboriginal community members in Canada that were infected by HIV/AIDS (APHAs) or family members affected by having a loved one infected by HIV/AIDS (APAAs) generated a propositional theory. APHAs who participated in the study were significantly open about their identity with HIV/AIDS and most identified with also being affected by HIV. The APHAs were more willing to be open about their diagnosis and were very interested in sharing their life experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. They made up over half of the participants in the study (n=14). Those individuals that were APAA’s were more challenging to recruit, and ultimately, I extended my study by another year to ensure that Aboriginal community members who are affected by HIV/AIDs participated. They made up approximately one third of the participants (n=6). The theory suggests that these individuals are more likely to have not shared their life experiences with other The current propositional theory that emerged suggests that the healing journeys of APHAs and APAAs are significantly different in nature. The tree depicts the emerging theory, a journey on the path to psychological and cultural healing: transformation of identity. The visual depiction includes the transformation of identity that an Aboriginal individual might experience when living with their HIV diagnosis or having been affected by HIV either directly or through a loved one being infected. Two models emerged that depict the journey and the transformations of identity that begin as seeds in the earth and throughout the transformation grow into trees.Item Open Access Aboriginal Dispossession and Proletarianization in Canadian Industrial Capitalism: Creating the Right Profile for the Labour Market(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2013-07) Bird, John Albert; McIntosh, Tom; Zhu, Yuchao; Farney, Jim; Sponer, MarcThe central theme of this paper revolves around the dispossession of Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) from their traditional socio-economic means of production and their subsumption into the industrial-capitalist mode of production. The investigation is a hypothesis about the historical proletarianization process regarding Aboriginal peoples in Canada stemming from dispossession. The analysis utilizes a critical political economic approach primarily in regard the revolutionary power of private property relations as the competitive antithesis to traditional-subsistence economy relations. Positing the facts of Aboriginal proletarianization within a political economic framework is an addition to the critique of capital. The research of the paper is anchored within: the numbered treaty framework and its application, the disciplinary methods of residential schooling systems, assimilation into proletarian ethics, and contemporary statistics about Aboriginal cohorts within the Canadian labour market. The historical research provides evidence about Aboriginal socio-economic dispossession and the contemporary data provides evidence regarding present-day conclusions of the initial industrial-proletarianization processes. Keywords: numbered treaties, residential schools, Aboriginal labour, Aboriginal history, political economy, industrial capitalism, proletarian, Karl Marx.Item Open Access “About Average” A Pragmatic Inquiry into School Principals’ Meanings for a Statistical Concept in Instructional Leadership(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2014-04) Hunter, Darryl Milburn; Dolmage, William R.; Martin, Ronald; Steeves, Larry; Arbuthnott, Katherine; Paquette, JeraldThis mixed methods, sequential, exploratory study addresses the problem, “How significant are statistical representations of ‘average student achievement’ for school administrators as instructional leaders?” Both phases of the study were designed within Charles Sanders Peirce’s pragmatic theory of interpretation. In the first, phenomenological phase, 10 Saskatchewan school principals were each interviewed three times and invited to read aloud three different student achievement reports. Principals generally held a “centre-of-balance” conception for the average, which related to perspectives deriving from their organizational position. Abductive reasoning, a proclivity to act upon “below average” student achievement, leadership through asking leading questions, an inquiry cast of mind, and other pragmatic principles were clearly apparent. No evidence was found that school administrators were constrained by normative statistics into a uniform outlook, nor into purely instrumental behaviour. In a succeeding, overlapping phase based in the psychophysics of perception, Saskatchewan school leaders (principals and vice-principals) (n=210) were randomly assigned to one of four groups and asked to read an achievement report depicting student performance as a distribution of scores on a criterion scale. School leaders’ dispositions to be rational-analytical or intuitive-experiential were measured pre-and post-reading. A MANCOVA revealed small but significant changes in school leaders’ dispositions depending on the way the report was framed. Small but significant interactions between valence and audience on a reader’s rationality were observed. Negatively-framed test scores effected greater changes than positively-framed test scores in diminishing school leaders’ beliefs in their rationality. Principals’ and vice-principals’ dispositions did not differ. I conclude that reading reports which depict student achievements within a normative distribution has little statistical significance in changing leadership practice. However, school principals’ interpretations demonstrate the substantial practical significance of statistics when leading change. School administrators consider average student achievement not with the inferential patterns assumed within contemporary notions of heuristic irrationality, but rather as a reasoned form of inquisitive thinking and behaviour that has been formalized and comprehensively described in North American philosophy for over 100 years.Item Open Access Accessing Intimacy: The Experience of Younger Long-Term Care Residents(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2019-05) Sawatsky, Meghann Leslie; Johner, Randy; Kikulwe, Daniel; Genoe, RebeccaThe sex and intimacy needs of persons with disabilities are increasingly highlighted in research, particularly during the last two decades. There is also research to examine the experience of staff within long term care related to the sex and intimacy needs or behaviours of long-term care residents. However, there is limited research examining the experience of sex and intimacy from the viewpoint of residents, particularly younger residents of long-term care. This qualitative research study uses a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of persons with disabilities, under the age of 70, living in a long-term care facility, accessing a sexual and intimate life. Four participants were recruited using a purposive, criterion sample. Through the data analysis, a central theme of It’s About Belonging emerged along with four subordinate themes, which include; Being Different From Others, New Relationships and Connections, Being Left, and Staff Facilitated. The discussion includes suggestions for increased education related to sexuality and intimacy for long-term care staff, the need for increased social work support, and long-term care alternatives. Improvements to the current long-term care system, such as smaller community homes, increased investment in community care are some ways in which the isolations experienced after moving to long term care could be alleviated.Item Open Access Accroitre la collaboration entre l'ecole et la communaute: comment le curriculm peut-il servir de pont entre les familles et l'ecole?(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2020-07) Mouhmoud, Ahmad; Phipps, Dr. Heather; Boutouchent, Dr. Fadila; Yoh, Dr. AbdoulayeRésumé Cette étude qualitative aborde le thème de la collaboration entre les familles et l’école et ce, en lien avec le curriculum scolaire. Des chercheurs comme Larivée (2011), Sheldon (2009), Deslandes (2001), Đurišić et Bunijevac (2017) ont tour à tour apporté des résultats de recherche qui démontrent que la collaboration profite aux écoles, aux élèves et aux familles. Les objectifs de cette étude portent sur la collaboration en général et sur le curriculum comme moyen de collaboration en particulier. Il s’agit donc d’identifier des voies et moyens qui faciliteraient la collaboration entre la famille et l’école et de voir comment le curriculum scolaire pourrait jouer un rôle pour soutenir cette collaboration. Une étude qualitative a été menée auprès de dix familles d’une école d’immersion française en Saskatchewan pour recueillir leurs opinions et perceptions par rapport à la collaboration et au curriculum. L’approche qualitative a été choisie, car selon Wahnich (2006), elle permet de comprendre l’opinion des gens et ce qu’ils en pensent. L’analyse des données a permis de ressortir que les familles ayant accepté de participer à l’étude présente dans ce rapport sont toujours prêtes à s’engager en matière de collaboration si les acteurs de l’éducation les invitent et les associent aux prises de décisions. La reconnaissance des parents comme fonds de connaissances (Moll, Amanti, Neff, et Gonzalez, 2001) et comme partenaires vitaux de l’éducation ainsi qu’une communication ouverte entre acteurs encouragent cette collaboration. Les parents interviewés ont une préférence en matière du contenu de la communication. Ce contenu doit porter sur les affaires académiques et, plus précisément, sur ce que les enfants apprennent et comment ils travaillent dans la classe. Quelques suggestions à l’endroit du ministère de l’Éducation et des divisions scolaires consistent à soutenir les parents en leur offrant des outils et des opportunités afin qu’ils puissent jouer pleinement leur rôle de partenaires. Mots clés : collaboration, curriculum, communication, famille/école.Item Open Access Achieving net-zero CO2 emissions from indirect co-combustion of biomass and natural gas with carbon capture using a novel amine blend(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2022-09) Avor, Esther Praise; Idem, Raphael; Jia, Na; Supap, Teeradet; Narku-Tetteh, Jessica; Torabi, FarshidDue to the aggravating effect of climate change as a result of unprecedented levels of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, in the atmosphere, the need to minimize CO2 emissions into the atmosphere has become very crucial. The energy sector remains the largest source of CO2 emissions, therefore, a technology which allows for achieving netzero CO2 emissions in this sector is imperative. This research work evaluated the possibility of achieving net-zero emissions (on the minimum) through the application of co-combustion of natural gas and biomass for electricity generation. Based on the study, it is was identified that indirect co-combustion of natural gas with biomass (in the form of producer gas) with carbon capture technology is the way to go towards achieving net-zero CO2 emissions. To effectively describe the process as being a net-zero CO2 emissions approach, Life Cycle Assessment data was applied to the various processes involved in the indirect co-combustion of biomass and natural gas coupled with carbon capture technology. In the first phase of this work, 5M MEA, which is the benchmark solvent for CO2 capture was used as the worst-case scenario to determine the ratio of producer gas-to natural gas (on energy basis) sufficient for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions. Using the SaskPower forecasted electricity generation capacity for 2025/2026 as a case study and applying LCA data to 5M MEA as the solvent for CO2 capture, it was determined that on energy basis, 14.5% of producer gas (balance natural gas) is sufficient for achieving netzero CO2 emissions while satisfying the set electricity generation target. The next phase of the work was to develop an amine blend with an improved CO2 removal efficiency compared to the bench-scale 5M MEA. Four different blends were screened to assess their respective performance against 5M MEA. These included 2:2 AMP: 1-(2HE) PRLD, 2:2 AMP: DEA-1,2-PD, 3:1 1-(2HE) PRLD: AMP and 3:1 1-(2HE) PRLD: DEA-1,2-PD bi-blends. Among these solvents, 2:2 AMP: 1-(2HE) PRLD was the optimum solvent as it demonstrated a high CO2 absorption-desorption parameter compared to the other blends. The absorption parameter for 2:2 AMP:1-(2HE) PRLD was 4.5% higher than that for 5M MEA and the desorption parameter 1,667% higher than 5M MEA. In the last phase, the increased CO2 removal efficiency of the solvent was applied to LCA data to determine the ratio of electricity generation from natural gas and producer gas towards achieving net-zero CO2 emissions when the optimum solvent developed is used in place of 5M MEA. It was determined that at a desorption temperature of 110℃, nearly all the CO2 in the rich amine for the optimum was removed. The CO2 removal efficiency of this solvent is about 31% higher than that for 5M MEA, implying this solvent allows for the removal of higher amount of CO2 in the flue gas stream. From the life cycle massessment, using 2:2 AMP: 1-(2HE) PRLD as the absorbent for CO2 capture in place of 5M MEA, it was determined that the producer gas requirements on energy basis, for cocombusting indirectly with natural gas towards achieving net-zero CO2 emissions is just about 8%. The findings from this work demonstrates that co-combusting biomass with natural gas (which is a lesser emitter of CO2 compared to other fossil fuels) allows for satisfying the energy demands while achieving net-zero CO2 emissions when CO2 capture is applied. The major limitation that has faced the application of bioenergy with carbon capture technology has been concerns over its competition with farmlands for food production. The results obtained from this work has showed that lower amount of biomass would be needed for energy generation via co-combustion with natural gas towards achieve net-zero emissions when a solvent with an improved CO2 removal ability is used as the absorbent in the CO2 capture process.Item Open Access Acimowin Anaskanak - Story Scrolls: A Methodology of First Nations Art Practices as a Healing Tool(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2017-08) Benjoe, David Lyle; Pete, Shauneen; Garneau, David; Robertson, Carmen; Sasakamoose, JoLee; Stonechild, BlairThis study utilizes visual art as a tool to encourage survivors of Indian Residential Schools to share their experiences as a means toward connecting with community and fostering healing. This work is informed by personal and familial experiences and is inspired by First Nations Plains peoples who understood the power of visual art and story as a medicine for trauma. Story Scrolls use historically inspired visual artwork and oral methodologies to create contemporary Indigenous art. Due to the traumatization that occurred to First Nations children in Indian residential schools, many have not shared their personal stories. Story Scrolls combine visual art creation, Indigenous art history and activity based learning as a therapeutic way for those who attended and those dealing with intergenerational trauma from the Indian Residential School system. This study presents an Indigenous-inspired methodology that focuses on contemporary First Nations people facilitating their own story sharing sessions painted on scrolls of canvas; it is called Acimowin-Anaskanak, Story Scrolls.Item Open Access An Action Research Study: EAL and Content Teachers Collaborating to Support All Students at a Secondary School(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2015-04) Keil, Trudy Lynn; Sterzuk, Andrea; Wessel, Warren; Salm, Twyla; Madigan Peercy, MeganAs the number of English as an Additional Language (EAL) students increases in Saskatchewan schools, there is a need for language and content teachers to work collaboratively. This study describes the implementation of an action research project involving the researcher as an EAL teacher collaborating with three content teachers and another EAL teacher serving as a “critical friend” (Costa and Kallick, 1993). Teachers used the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (Echevarria, Vogt, & Short, 2008) for structuring specialized instruction. Data included pre- and post-interviews, lesson plans and reflective journals. Grounded theory informed the theoretical framework and the data analysis. In order to reflect upon the progress of collaborative efforts, the Five Levels of Collaboration developed by Davison (2006) were used. Findings show that teachers developed professionally and were able to better support EAL students. One of the primary recommendations includes the necessity of administration to timetable common preparation times or teaching times. Establishing such supportive structures allows for collaborative partnerships to exist which provide teachers with greater opportunities to develop professionally for the purpose of better supporting EAL students. Keywords: collaboration, content, EAL, SIOPItem Open Access Actionable Three-Way Decisions(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2018-09) Gao, Cong; Yao, Yiyu; Fallat, Shaun; Hamilton, Howard; Hepting, Daryl; Yang, Xue-Dong; Ciucci, DavideIn this thesis, we analyze both the trisecting and acting aspects of three-way decisions. In an evaluation based model of three-way decisions, there are two steps: trisecting and acting. The trisecting step constructs three regions based on an evaluation func- tion and a pair of thresholds. The acting step adopts proper strategies to deal with objects in these regions. For the trisecting step, this thesis examines statistical interpretations for the con- struction of three regions. The interpretations rely on an understanding that the middle region consists of normal or typical instances in a population, while two side regions consist of, abnormal or atypical instances. By using statistical information such as median, mean, percentiles, and standard deviation, two interpretations are discussed. One is based on non-numeric values and the other is based on numeric values. For non-numeric values, median and percentiles are used to construct three pair-wise disjoint regions. For numeric values, mean and standard deviation are used. The interpretations provide a solid statistical basis of three-way decisions for appli- cations. This thesis analyzes a chi-square statistic as a measure for searching for the optimal pair of thresholds for trisecting. An optimization based method for determining the pair of thresholds is to minimize or maximize an objective function that quanti es the quality, cost, or bene t of a trisection. We use the chi-square statistic to interpret and establish an objective function in the context of classi cation. The maximization of the chi-square statistic searches for a strong correlation between the trisection and the classi cation. For the acting step, this thesis introduces actionable strategies to three-way de- cision. We present a general framework of actionable three-way decisions with four change-based actionable models according to action bene t and action cost. Two of the four models provide the bounds of the cost and bene t and the other two models quantify the maximum bene t under limited cost and the minimum cost for a desired bene t, respectively. We design and analyze algorithms for these models. To reduce action cost and increase bene t, we introduce the R4 reduction frame- work for actionable three-way decision. The framework consists of reductions of attributes, attribute-value pairs, classi cation rules, and actions for creating more bene t and reducing cost. The rst three types of reductions are rede ned for the context of three-way decisions and the action reduction is proposed. Attribute reduc- tion removes some attributes from all classi cation rules to reduce the action cost. Attribute-value pair reduction shortens the left hand side of a rule to reduce the ac- tion cost without sacri cing any classi cation power or action bene t. Rule reduction and action reduction remove redundant classi cation rules and actions, respectively, to reduce computational cost. The Addition strategy for reduction is adapted and its correctness is proven. Based on this strategy, an algorithm for attribute and attribute-value pair reductions is designed. Finally, we report experimental results to support the proposed four actionable three-way decision models and the R4 reduction framework.Item Open Access Active eavesdroppers detection system in multi-hop wireless sensor networks(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2022-08) Abedini, Masih; Al-Anbagi, Irfan; Laforge, Paul; Shahriar, NashidWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks that endanger their privacy, confidentiality, and authenticity. As the broadcast nature of the wireless channel makes it susceptible to eavesdropping by adversaries, the detection of eavesdroppers in wireless networks can lessen the chances of more damaging attacks. Historically, researchers have attempted to reduce the risk of covert eavesdropping through the use of cryptographic protocols, information-theoretic solutions, and transmission range control. These methods are not suitable for WSNs with resource constraints. It is noteworthy that active eavesdroppers are legitimate nodes that are compromised by adversaries to eavesdrop on traffic while performing their normal responsibilities in ad-hoc networks. Detecting such malicious nodes slows the ongoing destructive attacks. In this thesis, we present a novel Active Eavesdroppers Detection (AED) system for homogeneous multi-hop WSNs. The AED system consists of two major modules: a Monitoring module and a Detection Engine module. The Monitoring module plays a vital role in the AED system to provide accurate measurements for the Detection Engine module. The Detection Engine module is provided with a lightweight detection engine module that employs the Z-test method and runs on edge devices. Regarding measurements, we first use intra-node delay measurements as the input feature of the AED system. To measure intra-node delays of nodes, the Monitoring module employs an out-of-band monitoring system using static nodes, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or both of them. According to simulation results in the Cooja and MATLAB environments, the AED system can detect active eavesdroppers who relay packets to their neighbors. However, it fails to detect active eavesdroppers who do not forward packets for any reason, like placement at the network’s border. To solve this problem, we propose to use Round Trip Time (RTT) as a measurement for the AED system. The monitoring module requests nodes for responses, and the AED’s detection engine can detect active eavesdroppers in WSNs based on the response delay. We focus on three potential monitoring systems for this measurement: static monitoring nodes, UAV-based monitoring, and neighborhood monitoring. To find the optimal places for static monitoring nodes, we utilize a Genetic Algorithm(GA), and to find the path of flight for UAVs for measuring RTT, we use Hamiltonian path planning. The simulation results indicate that the RTT-based AED system can detect active eavesdroppers regardless of their locations, with a high detection rate (≥ 90%) and a low false-positive rate (≤ 5%) and outstanding performance (AUC ≈ 0.97). In addition, we analyze and discuss the network overhead, advantages, and disadvantages of the in-band neighborhood monitoring system.Item Open Access Active Nonlinear Vibration Control of Engineering Structures of Multiple Dimensions(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2015-03) Sun, Lin; Dai, Liming; Henni, Amr; Mobed, Nader; Suh, C. SteveAn active nonlinear mechanical vibration control strategy is developed in the research of the author’s PhD program for the nonlinear vibration control of engineering structures of multiple dimensions. The proposed control strategy has been applied in several wildly applied typical engineering structures, including Euler-Bernoulli beams and axially moving structures. Nonlinear vibrations wildly exist in engineering structures, such as bridge, aircrafts, micro-electro-mechanical devices, and elevator cables. Comparing to linear vibrations, nonlinear vibrations may lead structure failures in short time, and chaotic vibrations among the nonlinear vibrations features unpredictability. Considering the damage and unpredictability of nonlinear vibrations, nonlinear vibrations is ought to be controlled. However, most of the existing active nonlinear vibration control strategies can only be applied to the nonlinear dynamic system of single dimension, while multi- dimensional dynamic systems show the advantages over those of single dimension in dynamic analysis. Therefore, an active nonlinear control strategy has been proposed based on the existing control strategy the Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) strategy, and has been applied in the vibration control of the following engineering structures: Euler-Bernoulli beams subject to external excitation; axially moving Euler-Bernoulli beam without external excitation; retracting Euler-Bernoulli beam without external excitation; axially translating cable; extending nonlinear elastic cable. First of all, the nonlinear vibration and control of an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to a periodic external excitation is given as an example to demonstrate how the active nonlinear control strategy is developed and applied for a multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system. Then, considering the two typical engineering structures modeled with Euler-Bernoulli beams, the control strategy is applied in the nonlinear vibration control of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) beam and a fluttering beam. After that, corresponding to the attentions paid to the axially translating materials, the control strategy is applied in the nonlinear vibration control of four typical axially moving structures. Applications of the proposed control strategy evidently show effectiveness and efficiency of the active control strategy in controlling the nonlinear vibrations of typical engineering structures.Item Open Access Acute Psychological Stress and Food Intake in Humans: A Scoping Review(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2021-06) Clause-Walford, Drew; Totosy de Zepetnek, Julia; Gordon, Jennifer; Candow, Darren; Fiocco, AlexandraIn response to stress, stress-sensitive systems, including the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are activated to enable the individual to engage in the fight-or-flight response resulting in catecholamine (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine) and cortisol release. Stress-induced cortisol secretion has been shown to elicit a decrease, increase, or no change in the homeostatic mechanisms of food intake (e.g., appetite, appetite hormones, food intake). However, homeostatic control can be overridden by hedonic (or pleasure-inducing) mechanisms. Stress can increase cravings of unhealthy palatable food causing alterations in food preference (e.g., sweet foods), enhancing the motivation for their acquisition (i.e., food reward). Mapping the evidence and identifying gaps of acute psychological stress on food intake regulation serves as the purpose of this scoping review. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo) and grey literature were searched using predetermined keywords. Participant characteristics, types of stressor used, food intake mechanism assessed, and the primary findings were extracted. Results: Of 9953 abstracts, 37 articles were included for data extraction. Stress increased food cravings and liking for palatable foods and heightened the food reward response, while some studies expressed no change. Studies favoured the measurement of homeostatic mechanisms (primarily food intake), suggesting the need for non-homeostatic measurements, particularly food reward. Conclusions: Overlap between homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms (e.g., subject’s inability to dissociate between homeostatic hunger and hedonic hunger), types of psychological stressors used, study design (e.g. time course of assessing outcome measures post-stressor), and the influence of moderating variables (e.g., cortisol reactivity, emotional eating, body mass, chronic stress, dietary restraint) aid in the explanation of incongruous results pertaining to acute psychological stress and food intake. In addition to establishing standardized protocols for assessing the effects of acute psychological stress on food intake regulation, three areas of focus for future research should be placed on: (1) increasing appetite hormone assessment (e.g., GLP-1, leptin, ghrelin), (2) developing appropriate definitions/theories for non-homeostatic mechanism assessment (e.g., distinguishing food reward from food craving), and (3) expanding the research population to explore how sex, age, and body mass status may influence food intake regulation in response to acute stress.Item Open Access Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) - Based Model Predictive Control (MPC) for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane (CDRM) in a Plug Flow Tubular Reactor for Hydrogen Production(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2013-01) Essien, Ememobong Ita; Ibrahim, Hussameldin; Mehrandezh, Mehran; Idem, Raphael; Shirif, Ezeddin; deMontigny, David; Azam, ShahidThe current sources of our energy supply are plagued with many problems, and the impact on the climate is of grave concern. To preserve and sustain our environment, a non-polluting and renewable energy source is required. Hydrogen (H2), when extracted from one of its many sources during carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, is considered a non-polluting, efficient and environmentally sustainable energy source. In this research work, the control of a pilot-scale reformer for the production of hydrogen was studied. Hydrogen was produced through the carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDRM). This process was used to convert methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide into hydrogen. A high methane conversion was maintained by controlling the temperature in the reformer at the thermodynamically desired level. The control strategy applied to this process was the model predictive control (MPC) based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model. MPC has, among other advantages, the ability to predict the response of the system over a given prediction horizon. Experimental results showed that the ANFIS model was able to accurately replicate the response of the process to changes in temperature. Based on the ANFIS model, an MPC strategy was formulated for the process.Item Open Access Adaptive Quality of Service and Trust Based Lightweight Secure Routing Algorithm for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2021-01) Pathak, Aditya Kalpesh; Al-Anbagi, Irfan; Bais, Abdul; Hamilton, Howard; El-Darieby, MohamedWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are group of wireless devices that are deployed in an adhoc manner and are generally left unattended. The main advantages of WSNs are that they are simple to use, allow the use of inexpensive sensor nodes, and have good scalability. WSNs are useful in object tracking, periodic monitoring, and event detection applications. However, the inherent characteristics of the WSNs, such as limited resources and low computation, make them vulnerable to various types of security attacks. Therefore, security mechanisms are needed to secure the network and protect against various security attacks. Conventional security mechanisms, such as cryptography (encryption/decryption) and authentication based systems, are generally used to ensure the security of traditional networks. However, due to the resource constrained nature of WSNs, conventional security mechanisms can be too resourceheavy to allow the reliable and lightweight operation of a WSN. Therefore, providing security, while maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) and energy efficiency, represents an important research challenge in the design of WSNs. In this thesis, we critically investigate the problem of security provisioning in WSNs. We identify challenges, limitations, and requirements for implementing security with QoS and energy efficiency for dense WSNs. We find that the security constraints for WSNs have not been well discussed in the literature. Also, the simultaneous optimization of energy, QoS, and security has not gained much attention. We develop two novel algorithms that address the above issues in WSNs and optimize energy, QoS, and security using a metaheuristic technique known as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). These algorithms are called Dynamic Trust-aware Secure Routing (DTSR) and Lightweight Secure Routing (LSR). DTSR improves the connectivity and improves the tradeoff between coverage and lifetime for dense WSNs. Furthermore, LSR provides an improved method for the detection and isolation of a compromised node by using direct and indirect trust calculations for dense WSNs. We show through analytical and simulation results that our presented algorithms can outperform existing techniques in terms of network lifetime, average routing delay, and packet delivery ratio. Also, we perform an analysis of network lifetime over varying network sizes to find a good range of nodes for the effcient performance of the algorithm. Furthermore, we present a runtime analysis of the algorithms to understand the simulation time in the MATLAB environment based on changing network size.Item Open Access Addiction Services for Parents with Addiction in Regina, Saskatchewan(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2014-09) Myers, Carissa Jean; Sanchez, Miguel; Hunter, Garson; Krieg, Brigette; Hampton, MaryThe research question that guides this thesis is: are the addiction services in Regina and area meeting the needs of parents with addictions and their families in Regina and area? The goal was to research the treatment services available to parents with substance abuse problems, and to determine whether the interviewed service providers assess these services as meeting the needs of those parents and their families. This study used a qualitative, multiple case study method to interview five service providers who work in addiction service agencies in Regina, Saskatchewan. The service providers were all front-line staff at various addiction service agencies in Regina, Saskatchewan. Overall, these service providers expressed insufficient resources for parents struggling with substance abuse in Regina and area. Participants discussed barriers to successful recovery for parents with addictions, characteristics that make a program more successful for parents with addictions, gaps in services in the community, and strengths in services in the community. Regarding the overall expression of insufficient resources in the community, the participants identified lack of family treatment programs, lack of cooperation between agencies, and lack of funding for addictions services for parents in Regina and area as the main problem areas.Item Open Access Advanced Music Training and Executive Function: A Neurocognitive Study(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2011-12) Sabir, Shamma Miriam; Alfano, Dennis P.; Arbuthnott, Katherine D.; MacLennan, Richard; Maslany, W. GeorgeThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between advanced music training and neurocognitive functioning, with specific focus on executive function, working memory, and tactile interhemispheric transfer. Twenty professional musicians and a comparison group of 19 individuals with no formal music training or performance experience completed a battery of measures of executive functioning, working memory, and interhemispheric transfer. The musician group had an average of 20.4 years (SD = 9.6) of formal music training and had started formal music training at a mean age of 5.8 years (SD = 2.5). Results revealed significantly better performance of the musicians group on the Word, Colour, and Interference portions of the Stroop Test and on a test of tactile interhemispheric transfer. These findings provide support for the idea that advanced music training has a positive relationship with some aspects of executive function and interhemispheric transfer, and may have implications for the potential use of music training for therapeutic purposes, as well as for educational programming and policies regarding early music education in the classroom.Item Open Access Advanced Numerical Modeling Techniques For Modern Waste Management Systems(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2019-01) Vu, Hoang Lan; Ng, Tsun Wai Kelvin; Jin, Yee-Chung; Piwowar, Joseph; Veawab, Amornvadee; Li, ZhongThis thesis presents original results to the advancement of numerical modelling of a modern waste management system with respect to generation, collection, and disposal of non-hazardous solid waste. The first part of the thesis specifically look at lag times relating to variables that attempt to predict municipal yard waste generation using machine learning approaches. Weekly averaged climatic and socio-economic variables are screened through correlation analysis and the significant variables are then used to develop yard waste models. These models then utilize artificial neural networks where the variables are time lagged a different number of weeks. Optimal lag times for each model varied from 1-11 weeks. The best model used both the ambient air temperature and population variables, in a model with 3 layers, 11 neurons in the hidden layer, and an optimal lag time of 1 week. A mean absolute percentage error of 18.72% was obtained at testing stage. One model saw a 55.4% decrease in the mean squared error at training, showing the value of lag time on the accuracy of weekly yard waste prediction models. The second part of the thesis focuses on geospatial modelling of a dual phase waste collection. A model integrating the handcart pre-collection phase and truck collection phase was proposed. Temporary collection points were first identified using both the maximize coverage and minimize facility location-allocation tools from a list of candidate temporary collection points and constraints. A total of 30 scenarios were considered in order to investigate the interrelationships between the model parameters, with respect to the total operation costs and maintenance system costs. The scenario with 11 temporary collection points and a maximum handcart collection distance of 500 m gave the lowest overall cost in the study area. The results suggest a single temporary collection point in the study is able to serve about 2,590 people in an area of 0.11 km2. It is found that the number and distribution of temporary collection points greatly affected the cost effectiveness in both pre-collection and collection phases. In the third part of thesis, landfill gas data was collected at semi-arid landfills, and curve fitting was carried out to find optimal k and L0 or DOC values using LandGEM, Afvalzorg Simple, and IPCC first order decay models. Model parameters at each landfill were estimated and compared using default values. Methane generation rates were substantially overestimated using default values (with percentage errors from 55 to 135%). The mean percentage errors for the optimized k and L0 or DOC values ranged from 11.60% to 19.93% at the Regina landfill, and 1.65% to 10.83% at the Saskatoon landfill. Finally, the effect of different iterative methods on the curve fitting process was examined. The residual sum of squares for each model and iterative approaches were similar, with the exception of iterative method 1 for the IPCC model. The default values in these models fail to represent landfills located in cold semi-arid climates. The fourth part of the thesis focuses on the development of a systematic approach for modelling of WMS. ANN time series was first applied to forecast the amounts of recyclables and garbage in the year 2023 at the target study area. MAPE of 10.92% to 16.51% were obtained for the forecast. Both the amount of recyclables and garbage appeared to decrease with time. Truck travel distance of the optimized routes were found sensitive to the composition and density of the materials. The use of dual-compartment trucks reduced total travel distances by 10.30% to 16.00%. However, single-stream trucks were likely to be more efficient in terms of total collection time.Item Open Access Advances in Representation and Learning of Temporal Event Sequences(Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, 2020-08) Mirbagheritabatabaei, Seyedmohammad; Hamilton, Howard; Zilles, Sandra; Mouhoub, Malek; Volodin, Andrei; Keselj, VladoThis thesis focuses on representation and learning of two types of temporal event sequences. The first type is a sequence of interval-based events, called an e-sequence, where every event can have a duration, and the second type is a sequence of pointbased events, where events have no durations. For interval-based event sequences, we propose the coincidence eventset representation (CER) to represent interval-based events along with their durations. This representation is especially designed for pattern mining problems. We incorporate both internal and external utilities into e-sequences and formulate the problem of high utility pattern mining of e-sequences. We present a sound and complete algorithm called HUIPMiner to discover high utility patterns from e-sequence datasets. We introduce the L-sequence downward-closure property (LDCP), which is utilized in our pruning strategy to reduce the search space. We then demonstrate that the HUIPMiner algorithm generates all high utility patterns. We propose a feature-based framework called FIBS for the e-sequence classification problem. In FIBS, features from an e-sequence dataset are extracted based on two representations: vectors of the relative frequency of event labels and vectors of the temporal relations among event intervals. We also propose a heuristic filter-based strategy to avoid selecting irrelevant features. We show the superiority of the FIBS performance in terms of classification accuracy compared to state-of-the-art competitors. We propose three novel distance-based approaches for full-length matching of esequences. The first approach, ERF, is based on the Euclidean distance between relative frequency representations of two e-sequences. The second approach, EPC, is based on the cosine distance between position code representations of two e-sequences. The third method, WLC, uses a weighted linear combination of the ERF and EPC measures. We demonstrate that WLC outperforms ERF, EPC, and existing state-ofthe- art methods in terms of nearest neighbor classification accuracy. For point-based event sequences, we build an ensemble model that predicts the time of occurrence of the next point-based event. The ensemble model comprises nine other methods that are able to perform the prediction task. We demonstrate that the prediction results obtained by the ensemble method are more accurate than the results obtained by most individual methods.