Putting Theory into Practice: Transferring Creativity into Community Wisdom III (2008)
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Conference held April 11-12, 2008.
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Item Metadata only Why do Reginans feel safe in “Canada’s Worst Neighbourhood”?(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) McIntyre, Amanda; Brand, John; Guest, Maegan; Partyka, Jamie; Relkey, Kristen; Scott, Craig; Tyminski, Nathan; Will, NatashaA recent article in a popular news magazine cites Regina as home to Canada’s worst neighbourhood, portraying the city as dangerous and overrun by violent crime. Whether or not this portrayal is fair, Regina in fact typically ranks among the cities with the highest rates of homicide and violent offences in the country. In Regina, however, the article was met with surprise and disbelief, with residents asserting that their city is safer than larger centres such as Toronto and Vancouver. Thus, there appears to be a large disparity between actual and perceived rates of crime in Regina. To understand the source of this discrepancy, 54 Reginans estimated the relative frequency of crime in their own city in comparison to five other Canadian cities. They also estimated the proportion of instances of three crimes in five areas of Regina. The results showed that Reginans were generally aware of the city’s reputation for high crime, estimating its crime rates among the highest of the cities surveyed. Nevertheless, Regina’s perceived crime rates were much lower than actual rates, and Regina was ranked as the safest of the six cities. Rates were underestimated for cities participants were most familiar with (Edmonton and Winnipeg) and overestimated for cities with the largest populations (Toronto and Vancouver). Additionally, Reginans overestimated the proportion of crime taking place in North Central and Downtown, areas with relatively small populations. Taken together, the results suggest that crime perceptions are distorted by cognitive biases, specifically base-rate neglect and self-serving bias. Despite its high crime rate, Reginans generally feel their city is safe. We investigated the source of this discrepancy and found evidence to suggest it arises from several well-known cognitive biases.Item Metadata only Identifying women with low bone mass: A systematic review of screening tools(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) McLeod, Katherine M.; Johnson, ShanthiPurpose: Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the method of choice for detecting low bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fracture; however, DXA is costly and not widely available. Several screening tools have been developed to identify women with increased risk, who would most benefit from DXA screening, based on an evaluation of risk factors associated with osteoporosis. This study assessed the effectiveness of osteoporosis risk factor screening tools in determining postmenopausal women at risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: Appropriate databases and sources of primary studies were identified. A systematic review of the literature using a comprehensive search strategy was employed and all citations were stored. Exclusion criteria were established, final selected articles were coded. Study characteristics were tabulated and comparisons of effectiveness were made followed by discussion of limitations and conclusions of the review. Results: The systematic review revealed 10 different screening tools. Of these, six were included after quality assessment. Conclusions: The screening tools reviewed are useful in identifying postmenopausal Caucasian women in need of DXA screening. Performance was relatively consistent for all screening tools regardless of the number of risk factors used, but for clinicians and researchers, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) is the simplest approach to determine individuals at risk of osteoporosis. There is still a need for further validation of screening instruments in both men and ethnicities other than Caucasian. Experiences with the systematic review process as well as the use of screening tools will be highlighted. A systematic review was performed assessing the effectiveness of osteoporosis risk factor screening tools in determining postmenopausal women at risk of developing osteoporosis. Performance was relatively consistent for all screening tools regardless of the number of risk factors used, but for clinicians and researchers, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) is the simplest approach to determine individuals at risk of osteoporosis.Item Metadata only Skating Carnivals and Club Bulletin Boards: Values at a glance?(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Mills, CathyAs a participant, parent, or observer bulletin boards and trophy cases are commonplace in skating arenas. Who appears on the bulletin board? Are all participants showcased equally? Similarly, many figure skating clubs hold a year end skating carnival to showcase the club’s skaters and finish up the skating season. Who receives a solo in the club carnival? Few stop to consider the meanings that may be inferred from these objects and ceremonies. Studying organizational culture attempts to explore an organization in depth thus gaining an understanding of how people interpret the meanings of the environment around them (Martin, 2002). Schein (1992) explores organizational culture through three levels: artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. The various levels represent an increasing depth of understanding the culture of the organization. Artifacts, such as bulletin boards and club carnivals, are the visible manifestations of the culture and may give insight into organizational values. The purpose of this study was to understand the values of a figure skating club as seen through artifacts. Data were collected through systematic observations of the home club lobby and year end skating carnival. Results showed that skating ability and accomplishments were a dominant value at this club. Skaters with significant achievements throughout the year were highlighted on bulletin boards and received solos in the carnival. Potential implications of this dominant value on club development will be presented. Bulletin Boards and Carnivals which are commonplace at figure skating clubs may give insight into the club values. What messages are they sending to club participants?Item Metadata only The Relationship between the 2D:4D Ratio and Emotional Abilities in Adults with Attention/Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Morhart, Heidi; Tottenham, Laurie SykesEmotional recognition is an essential component of interpersonal relationships. Recent research has suggested that high prenatal androgen exposure is later associated with impaired social and emotional skills in children and adults. Related to this, a separate area of research has found that individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demonstrate impaired processing of social and emotional information compared to matched samples of non-ADHD controls. Further, both attentional and emotional abilities have shared neural correlates. Of these shared regions some are known to be sexually dimorphic in adult men and women. In addition, research employing animal models has shown these regions to contain high densities of sex hormone receptors during early development. This study will examine whether emotional and social abilities are related to prenatal testosterone (T) exposure in a sample of adults diagnosed with ADHD. T exposure will be estimated using the 2D:4D ratio (ratio between the length of the index and ring fingers). This ratio is typically higher in females, suggesting a relatively low prenatal T exposure, and lower in males, suggesting a relatively high prenatal T exposure. Participants will be given numerous measures assessing social and emotional abilities, including a series of self-report questionnaires, a facial emotion recognition task, and an auditory emotion recognition task. It is predicted that individuals with ADHD will have lower 2D:4D ratios and lower scores on the social and emotional ability measures in comparison to our control sample of non-ADHD individuals. The examination of social and emotional abilities and its relation to high prenatal androgen exposure in a sample of adults diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder.Item Metadata only Special Trend of surface ozone observed at industrial site, in Chennai(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Murugan, PulikesiIn this study, the trend of surface ozone (O3) concentration was observed by continuous monitoring in the Industrial and coastal site Chennai, India during the period 07th October 2005 to 18th January 2006. The relationships between the ambient concentrations of O3 with oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, wind speed and relative humidity were also observed simultaneously. The diurnal variation profile experienced in November - January is rather typical for an area not influenced by local sources. No remarkable change in O3 concentrations was observed at night except in the month of October. The monthly average maximum O3 concentration was 44.3 ppb recorded during nighttime in the month of January 2006. This may be due to the high ozone in the night at Ennore due to advection of ozone from near by high ozone concentration site. The effect of meteorological parameters particularly on temperature is observed.Item Metadata only Measuring and Defining Depression in the Uzbek Population(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Mustafaeva, Shahlo; Shercliffe, ReganThe purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that a culturally appropriate depression scale can be developed and used in an understudied, culturally distinct population, and that such a scale will be more sensitive in identifying depression. This study details the process of developing and evaluating a depression-screening tool for an Uzbek population. 190 Uzbek students participated in the assessment of the psychometric properties of the original version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and an experimental Uzbek version of the CES-D. The results of this study suggest that the Uzbek CES-D is more sensitive in screening for depression in Uzbek population than the original CES-D. Evidence that supports the content validity and reliability is presented. This study also included open-ended questions to identify the terms and phrases Uzbek people use for depression, and what symptoms they associate with it. We conclude that depressive symptoms can be reliably assessed by the Uzbek CED-D in Uzbek population. Moreover, this study may help suggest appropriate clinical and community health strategies in identifying and treating depression in Central Asian populations. This study outlines the development of the Uzbek Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and compares the effectiveness of the standard CES-D with an Uzbek version of the CES-D in screening for depression among the Uzbek population.Item Metadata only Fear of Pain as a Predictive Discriminator for Chronic Pain: A Meta-Analysis(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Otte, Shaylynn; Asmundson, R. N.Fear of pain (FOP), which refers to pain-related fear and pain-related anxiety, has survival value in allowing an individual to avoid or escape potentially dangerous situations (Asmundson, Norton, Crombez, 2004). However, excessive FOP may result in catastrophic expectations regarding pain. For some these expectations may result in maladaptive chronic pain (pain lasting longer than three months). Individuals with high FOP are more likely to develop chronic pain than individuals with low FOP. The purpose of the project was to empirically determine, using available information from studies, what constitutes high and low FOP for the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS; McCracken, Zayfert, Gross, 1992), the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale-20 (PASS-20; McCracken & Dhingra, 2002), the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ-III; McNeil & Rainwater, 1998), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS; Sullivan, Bishop, & Pivik, 1995). Cut-off scores for high and low FOP may help to identify those who are at risk for developing chronic pain. Using independent t-tests and a large effect size (r>.25) as indicative of a significant difference, chronic pain groups were found to report statistically significant higher scores on the PASS, PASS-20, and PCS than the healthy control group. A cut-off score (i.e., pooled chronic sample M minus .5 SD) of 63 for the PASS, 30 for the PASS-20 and 18 for the PCS is suggested to identify individuals potentially at risk for pain chronicity. These results are discussed in terms of their implications and directions for future research. Cut-off scores for a variety of fear of pain measures may help to identify those who are at risk for developing chronic pain. A cut-off score of 63 for the PASS, 30 for the PASS-20 and 18 for the PCS is suggested to identify individuals potentially at risk for pain chronicity.Item Metadata only Students' Psychological Well-Being Interrelations to Spiritual, Cognitive, and Personality Styles(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Pekrul, Christopher; Pappas, J.; Smythe, W.In accordance with contemporary trends of investigating the relationships between spiritual constructs and psychological functioning, the following research examines how individual differences in spiritual well being, personality, mindfulness, gratitude, and self-expansiveness mediate psychological well being (affective states of stress, depression, anxiety) in an undergraduate student sample. Current research supports the buffering effects of spiritual well-being and beliefs on mediating stressful life events, resulting in a decrease in the affective states of anxiety and depression. Consistent with research according to the Five Factor Model of personality, individuals who display greater levels of extraversion experience increased levels of positive affect and mood regulation, whereas increased levels of neuroticism are consistent with stress, depression, and emotional hypersensitivity. Dispositional and acquired mindfulness has been consistently related to positive psychological well-being, with strong inverse relations to constructs of depression, anxiety, angry hostility, and impulsivity. Furthermore, studies examining the role of gratitude in psychological functioning found individuals with higher levels of dispositional gratitude to have lower levels of depression and stress as well as increased life satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to explore how individual differences in personality, cognitive styles, and spiritual well-being mediate the affective states of stress, anxiety, and depression.Item Metadata only Trials on constructing an accelerometer-based conducting system(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Peng, Lijuan; Gerhard, DavidComputer-based conducting systems are augmented music performance direction. Gestural interfaces have been used to provide a natural way to manipulate the system. These systems employed various sensors to capture gesture data. Collected sample data was then analyzed and used to identify gestures. This presentation provides some trials on construcing a conducting system based on an accelerometer sensor. The movement of the right arm of a conductor is traced by an accelerometer sensor. The sample data is received via bluetooth and saved into a text file. 2-dimensional data are extracted from 3-dimensional data. Then the feature sequence is fed into a model to calculate two parameters of that model. This model can be used to classify a conducting gesture. Our system supports three beat-patterns: 2-beat conducting gesture, 3-beat conducting gesture and 4-beat conducting gesture. Each beat pattern corresponds to a model. The system is intended to aid the learning and practice of conducting gestures which is only supported by a few systems before. The system implementation is at a preliminary stage. Many tasks are able to be done in future. Different models can be used to represent beat patterns. Camera, instead of or combined with the accelerometer sensor, will be used to collect sample data. This presentation introduces our trials on constructing an accelerometer-based conducting system to help the learning and practice of conudcting gestures.Item Metadata only The Impact of Meaningful Targets in a Visual Search Task(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Reynard, Janine; Phenix, TomSometimes, people can learn things from their environment even though they are not aware of it. This unconscious learning is referred to as implicit learning. The purpose of this study is to help better understand the role of implicit learning when looking for visual targets in a familiar context (i.e., looking for words in a word search puzzle). Chun and Jiang (1998) discovered that people will unconsciously learn the locations of targets that appear in repeated locations. However, the targets used in their study were meaningless. This study will examine whether people will implicitly learn meaningful targets (e.g., words) differently than meaningless targets (e.g., non-words). We want to know whether our novel word search puzzle will demonstrate an implicit memory effect. Each participant in this investigation received 30 word search puzzles. The word search puzzles contained repeated patterns of where the words were located. Depending on the condition the participant was randomly assigned to, they would have either received 2 different spatial configurations along with several random patterns, or 4 different spatial configurations along with several random patterns. Participant’s completion time for each puzzle was measured. If the participant learned the repeated spatial configurations, then they should have become faster on these puzzles compared to the random configuration puzzles. If the participant didn’t notice the repeated spatial configurations and yet the completion times for these puzzles still decreased (i.e., became faster), then it will be concluded that the participant implicitly learned some of the spatial configurations.Item Metadata only Examination of the utility of respite services on stress reduction for parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Ruzic, Tamara; Wright, Kristi D.; Stulberg, Shelley; Kaiser, StephanieResearch suggests that parents of children with mental health disorders have higher incidences of stress, physical illnesses, mental illnesses, and substance use. Of particular salience to the current project are the needs of parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). More frequent and intense parent-child relational disruptions are observed within families with children with ADHD than families without children with diagnosed disorders. Respite care is one of the community services that may maintain and enhance the functioning of families of children and youth with mental health disorders. The current project was designed to provide parents with indirect respite by offering a structured athletic activity for a group of 10-12 children (ages 7-12) with ADHD twice per week for 13 weeks. Parent/child demographics, levels of parental perceived stress, and child psychopathology were measured at baseline and at completion of program. Individual positive and negative targeted behaviours were recorded during each session. It is anticipated that participation in this program will result in (1) decreased levels of parental perceived stress; (2) decreased levels of child psychopathology; (3) decreased frequency of targeted negative child behaviours; and (4) increased frequency of targeted positive child behaviours. A recreational respite program was designed for a group of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is anticipated that participation in this program will reduce levels of parental stress, as well as decrease levels of child psychopathology.Item Metadata only Is self-regulation depletion graded?(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Schierle, Jade; Arbuthnott, Katherine D.When we conceal our emotions, it is more difficult for us to subsequently perform other tasks that also require self-control (John & Gross, 2004). It has thus been hypothesized that self-regulation requires a depletable resource (Schmeichel & Baumeister, 2004). The present study examined whether this depletion is graded, increasing with greater time exercising self-control. Participants watched one or two emotionally evocative films, and half were asked to hide their emotions while watching the film(s). Their faces were recorded, and coding indicates that participants followed these instructions, as those in the suppression group were both less expressive and reported more difficulty with the task than those in the normal expression group. After participants were finished watching the film(s) they completed verbal and nonverbal fluency tasks which were previously found to detect self-regulation depletion (Schmeichel, Demaree, Robinson & Pu, 2006). However, in this study, fluency performance did not differ as a function of emotion expression. This finding suggests that self-regulation depletion does not occur under all conditions, either because expression control was not sufficiently effortful in this study, or that different types of self-control (i.e., emotional and cognitive) do not require the same resource. We hypothesized that the depletion of self-regulation occurs in a graded fashion. Upon investigation, this hypothesis was not supported, but suggests that there may be different ressources for emotional and cognitive self-regulation.Item Open Access The Production of Metaphor by Native Speakers of English and Chinese(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Sockett, AmandaA comparative study by Yu (1995) revealed various similarities and differences between English and Chinese metaphorical expressions of anger and happiness. In order to explore additional similarities and differences between English and Chinese metaphorical expressions, the present study had English-speaking and Chinese-speaking participants produce metaphorical expressions for the psychological concepts of anger and happiness, and for the non-psychological concepts of time and status. The central conceptual metaphors of anger, happiness, time, and status are shared between native speakers of English and Chinese, with qualitative differences in their expression. The similarities between the English and Chinese metaphors are due to similarities in the source domains used to represent the various target, or conceptual, domains. However, metaphorical expressions generated by Chinese participants tended to be more concrete and specific, whereas those provided by English participants were less concrete and more generic.Item Metadata only The Role of National Standard Setters in a Harmonized International Accounting Environnment(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Vermulen, JoeInspired by globalization, the rapid harmonization of accounting methods into a common set of international standards is tremendously interesting to investors seeking greater portfolio diversification and investment comparability as well as national standard setting regulators. The controversial decision for Canada and other nations to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has many pondering the future role of established national regulators. National regulators in many nations, including Canada, develop and prescribe their own version of Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (GAAP) which guide financial reporting in their respective jurisdictions. With IFRS adoption pending in 2011, conversion challenges local standard setters to identify new and residual functions. Research suggests that there are many roles for these national bodies to play both in their local jurisdictions and the international arena. Adoption of IFRS will primarily apply to publicly accountable organizations only. This leaves local GAAP regulations, whether modified or intact, relevant for nonpublicly accountable and non-profit organizations in each jurisdiction. In addition, new roles for national regulators are actually emerging as a result of the international transition. Such roles include strategic planning and priority setting. Technical and local perspectives, assistance with promotion, communication, implementation, and interpretation of the regulations will also be influenced by participation of national standard setters. In addition, new roles including research, performance measurement, modification, and training will emerge onto the agendas of national standard setters. The investigation concludes that the role of participating regulators is poised for growth through promotion of their national perspectives into the emerging international regulatory environment. Contrary to conventional concern, the harmonization of accounting methods into a common set of international standards will not significantly erode the role of jurisdictional standard setting bodies in the accounting profession. Rather, their relevance is enhanced with the evolution and assertion of complimentary new roles in the global accounting arena as well as preservation of on-going traditional roles in their local environment.Item Open Access Intimate Partner Mistreatment and Its Influence on Subsequent Interpersonal Relationships(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Will, Natasha; Shercliffe, ReganMy research aims to determine whether mistreatment by a partner in an intimate relationship affects women’s current relationships. Another goal is to edtermine whether women recognize abuse in its various forms. I will measure anxiety, depression and interpersonal relationship satisfaction in participants to assess whether intimate partner mistreatment is correlated with an increase in negative symptoms. Survey questions will provide demographic information and expand on the results of the measures. Mistreatment by intimate partners is believed to have serious physical and psychological consequences. There is a positive correlation between the level of mistreatment and the extent of negative symptoms. (Brown, Hill, Lambert, 2005; Haj-Yahia, 1999). Psychological or emotional and sexual abuse have been postulated as more detrimental to women than physical abuse (Haj-Yahia, 1999) yet this is often overlooked as it is not readily visible and, difficult to measure (Lips, 2006). Furthermore it is hard to do me than correlate outcomes with potential causes. The results of tmy survey can be used to educate the public and professionals about the incidence of relationship abuse and its subsequent impact on women. My research will assess the influence of mistreatment by intimate partners on current interpersonal relationships.Item Open Access An Alternative Proposal For Sustainable Development: The Ecuador’s ITT Project(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Condor-Tarco, JoseThe ITT heavy oil project in Ecuador has been under constant debate in the country’s oil industry. The three fields, Ishpingo, Tiputini and Tambococha, are guessed to have a combined of more than 5 billion barrels of in-place reserves. Tiputini field, the first one being discovered, was included as reserves as far back as 1970, but due to its oil´s quality this field was not exploited. It is only nowadays that the Ecuadorian government is trying to make use of it. The ITT fields are widely known to be located in an environmentally sensitive area and many believe they should not be developed at all. This prompted the government of Ecuador to ask the international community if any organization would be willing to pay it $350 million a year to leave the fields undeveloped. Some interest has been shown in this route, and if it goes ahead, it would lead to ITT being probably the first major field in the world to have its development ‘bought out’ on environmental grounds. First, this poster deals with the feasibility of ITT exploitation considering its driving forces and obstacles. The second part consists of an alternative option proposed by the Ecuadorian government to the international community to leave the oil underground. The Ecuadorian government is requesting to the international community an economic compensation in change for leaving the oil underground.Item Metadata only Removal of Zinc from wastewater using natural and synthetic adsorbents(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Chowdhury, PankajSeveral methods are utilized to remove zinc from industrial wastewater in which adsorption is the most versatile and widely used method. In the present work the ability of both natural and synthetic adsorbents were investigated to remove Zn(II) from wastewater. Neem bark, rice husk ash, clarified sludge and activated alumina were used for adsorption studies. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose and initial Zn(II) concentration were evaluated in terms of percent zinc removal. Clarified sludge, activated alumina and neem bark showed better adsorption behavior at acidic pH (5.0) whereas rice husk ash provided higher adsorption at alkaline pH(7.0-9.0) The equilibrium time was achieved after 5 h for rice husk ash and neem bark, 4 h for activated alumina and 2 h for clarified sludge. The kinetics of the Zn(II) adsorption on different adsorbents was found to follow first order rate mechanism. The highest and lowest rate constant was achieved for clarified sludge (22.85x10-2) and neem bark (0.28x10-2) respectively at 300C. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was well followed by all the adsorbents. Clarified sludge was the most effective adsorbent for Zn (II) removal. The optimum pH was 5.0 and equilibrium time was achieved after 2 h. First order rate equation and Freundlich adsorption isotherm was followed.Item Metadata only Self-Efficacy in Sport - An Application to Sports Officials(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Chomos, Adam; Dorsch, KimSelf-efficacy is the degree to which an individual feels competent and confident in carrying out specific behaviours and tasks towards a specific outcome. In the context of sport, self-efficacy research has been conducted and applied only in athletes and coaches. While understanding the implications of self-efficacy in athletes and coaches is critical, there is a group of 'athletes' that have been neglected with research in the area of self-efficacy. We recognize this group as sports officials. To understand how self-efficacy affects sports officials, the first step is to determine what skills and abilities are necessary for successful officiating. The purpose of this research is to identify specific skills and abilities deemed essential by officials for successful officiating experiences. Provincial sports associations will be contacted to give consent and provide support to approach their membership. Participants will be asked to complete an email-based, open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to identify those skills necessary for officiating. Content analysis will be used to uncover themes among the responses. This study will allow future research to develop scales to be administered to sports officials, and integrate psychological skills training programs to improve officials' self-efficacy in areas where it is reported as low. This honours research project is designed to better understand how self-efficacy applies to sports officiating.Item Metadata only Influence of Thin Film Drainage between Oil Slugs and Capillary Wall on Initial Differential Pressure(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Cheng, GangExperimental results are discussed in this conference on oil slugs trapped in a capillary tube. Such an experimental set-up is employed as a simplified model to simulate residual oil trapped in porous structures of reservoirs. Differential pressures across the oil slug are measured under different hours of drainage time. Same experiments have been repeated on air slugs and similar results have been obtained. It is observed that under the same drainage time, the greater the lengths of the oil/air slugs are, the lower the values of the differential pressures are recorded. It is hypothesized that the mechanism behind this phenomenon is the drainage and devlopment of a water film in between the oil/air slug and the wall of the capillary. The thickness of the water film significantly affects mobilization of the oil/air slugs trapped in the capillaries. Further research work is being conducted to verify this hypothesis experimentally and numerically. This work investigates the relationship between the drainage of the water film and mobilization of oil/air slugs trapped in a capillary.Item Open Access Effects of liquid sloshing on the strength and fatigue life of the subframe of a b-train liquid cargo vehicle(University of Regina, Graduate Students' Association, 2008-04) Chen, DiThis work presents a novel approach for estimating the static/dynamic strength and fatigue life of a sub-frame of a B-Train liquid cargo tank vehicle under the effect of forces generated during the dynamic movement of liquid inside the tank. The present research in this thesis describes the necessity of consideration of the liquid sloshing effects in a liquid cargo tank vehicle. The tank vehicles transporting liquid cargo are the most unstable vehicles operating on the roads, yet very few researchers have tried to relate fatigue failure and liquid sloshing. Fatigue analysis of heavy liquid cargo vehicles is insignificant without considering the effects of the liquid motion taking place inside the tank container. The present research presents an effective study of the traditional static analysis and the dynamic approach. It also describes the importance of dynamic/transient analysis in estimating the life of a vehicle structure. The work is then extended by presenting a methodology to integrate these forces due to the fluid dynamics with the structural dynamics of the sub-frame. The stress spectra are implemented in an existing fatigue analysis technique to estimate the service life of the sub-frame. The result of the research provides guidance for a tank vehicle designer to develop a B-Train sub-frame.